Is Jarhead a simple copy of Platoon Essay Example Essay Example

Is Jarhead a simple copy of Platoon Essay Example Paper Is Jarhead a simple copy of Platoon Essay Introduction The war film is a film genre concerned with warfare, usually about naval, air or land battles, sometimes focusing instead on prisoners of war, covert operations, military training or other related subjects. Sometimes they focus on daily military or civilian life in wartime without depicting battles. Their stories may be fiction, based on history, docudrama or occasionally biographical. War films have a huge impact on society, influencing people to believe that account of what happened if it is based on real life events. I will be assessing two war films Jarhead and Platoon.The first Jarhead was made in 2005, directed by Sam Mendes and starring Jake Gyllenhaal playing Anthony Swofford, it is based on Swoffords 2003 Gulf war memoir- Jarhead a marines chronicle of the gulf war and other battles. Platoon is an award winning 1986 Vietnam War film written and directed by Oliver Stone and the story is loosely based on Stone’s experiences as an Army combat infantryman in Vietnam and w as written by him upon his return as a counter to the vision of the war portrayed in John Wayne’s The Green Berets.Platoon’s impact was both criticized and liked. The film however portrayed the Americans as violent and sometimes sick. Jarhead was credited for its unique portrayal of Gulf War Marines who battled more boredom and a sense of isolation rather than enemy combatants.Anthony Swoff Swofford is sent to the 1st gulf war to fight but tackles boredom and isolation rather than enemy combatants. Jarhead was based on the memoirs of the real-life Anthony Swofford, who did serve as a sniper in the 1991 Gulf War; the title comes from military slang for a Marine enlistee.There are a lot of signs used in Jarheads opening scenes. The film starts off with the main character ‘Swoff’ non diagetic narrating on a blank screen showing that this film will be in his perspective in 1st person. His voice is calm and gives the impression of something loud or big is going to happen to clash with his calmness. It then shows a close up shot of ‘Swoff’ using hard light. He looks to his right indicating someone is there. In the back round you here a loud, harsh voice also indicating this will not be a calm film but a harsh, loud film. It cuts to a long shot showing the whole hall and all the troops wearing their combat gear and with military hair cuts; the lighting used is artificial coming from the lights in the ceiling. A series of close ups between the drill instructor and Swoff are then shown using hard light. It then shows a long shot of Swoff doing press-ups. They then use non diagetic sound with Swoff narrating. He also states that joining the marines might have been a bad decision.It then cuts to Swoff and the drill instructor. They still use close ups to capture the hate and power of the drill instructor and the pain and anguish of Swoff. They are using diagetic sound, the voices of the characters. The D.I grabs Swoff and pushes hi m down, using a high angle shot, to show the D.I’s position in power. After arguing with the D.I Swoff gets his head banged against the blackboard, this is a sign to show that the character is not going to have an easy time and that that was only the beginning of the suffering. They use a rack focusing shot and freeze it to show the pain on Swoffs face and for the opening of a new scene and the use of a non diagetic sound, back round music.They chose Don’t Worry Be Happy-Performed by Bobby McFerrin. This is an upbeat song and shows the contrast of what is happening to what the song states. It then goes on to show the busses carrying the new troops in a long shot and natural light. Narration is used again while showing close ups of Swoff and long shots of the whole of the bus indicating that if he does go through a lot of pain and hardship, he is not alone. It then shows a picture of his girlfriend who he will miss. He gets off the bus using close up shots and the sunli ght seeping in, in the back round shows the use of natural light. Also he looks nervously at some older soldiers using the low angle shot and natural light, who have been there longer showing that he is scared and nervous.The characters are shown through the dialogue and their actions and facial emotion. We are shown that they have something to do with the army in the first shots as they are wearing military uniform. We are also told that Swoffs father served in Vietnam, giving us a clue to when this is set as Swoff is about 20 years old. We are also told through Swoffs narration that he joined the marines. It then has a caption at the bottom of the screen showing that it is 1989 and in Camp Pendleton, which is located in southern California. You cannot predict the ending from the start of the movie, which for me is a good thing. Although the opening narration where he says that a man who goes to war and fires a rifle will always have the feeling of that rifle, clearly states that i f he is talking about himself he does go to war and does survive.A gritty and emotional look at the lives of a platoon of American soldiers as they patrol, fight and die in the jungles of Vietnam as seen through the perspective of a young recruit. Two veteran sergeants clash when one of them precipitates a massacre of villagers. Platoons opening scenes also show a lot of signs, such as the opening scene when it is all foggy and hectic showing signs of confusion. Then it goes onto a plane with its door opening showing fresh recruits and implying that they are entering a whole new world. The camera focuses on one soldier indicating that he is the main character. He is then shown body bags of dead soldiers; this obviously shows danger and the fear in these new recruits. He then walks past older soldiers and looks nervously at them. A camera shows the top of the forest these soldiers are in indicating how closed in they are. They are in near darkness and it is quiet which can mean dange r! The signs used in Jarhead are quite different as Platoon is more depressing and dark. Although in Jarhead and Platoon the main character looks nervously at older soldiers, which shows they both were nervous.This film starts off looking like it is going to be in 3rd person, but then later has the main character narrating which tells us that it is in 1st person which is the same as Jarhead. The sound codes on the opening scenes of Platoon are quite different to Jarhead as no dialogue can be heard till later on. The non diagetic sound used in this opening is the musical score Adagio For Strings-Barber by The Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. This is a very sad and calm piece of music which is very different to Jarheads Don’t worry be happy song which is very upbeat and positive whereas the song in Platoon is quite negative. There is also diagetic sounds such as the planes, cars and helicopter.The lighting used in Platoon is mostly natural light to add to the realism, especially w hen the light shines through the huge trees almost covering the sun. This is quite different to Jarheads Hard light use on close ups. Also the camera shots are a lot different. Where in Jarhead there are a lot of close ups showing the emotion on the face, Platoon focuses on long shots of the whole airfield and an ariel shot which shows the tops of the trees in the forest. This certainly shows the vast land which the troops were made to fight. The costumes and props in this film are a lot like Jarheads as they both are military uniforms. Of course Jarheads uniforms are updated and they were fighting a different type of war in a whole different time and place. Platoons guns were older as it was set in 1967 and Jarhead was set in 1989. Also in Jarhead all the marines had the same shaven haircuts, but in Platoon everyone had a different hair style.In Platoon we are just thrown into a war film, it does not actually say that they are in Vietnam or what year it is. This is very different t o Jarhead where you are actually told what the year was and where they were. We also aren’t told what type of soldier he is or how he got there until later in the film. I don’t think you can predict the ending of the film based on the start as it reveals very little although it does show body bags coming back from the war, indicating that that might be a fate for him. This again is quite different to Jarhead as he reveals at the beginning narration that after a war a man never forgets his rifle implying that he survives.In conclusion, I think that both films have successfully shown the codes and conventions of the war genre. When thinking of war movies, you often think of bombs, explosions, blood, and gore. What people usually fail to acknowledge, however, is the other conflict that is going on – the conflict that does not involve gunfire and grenades. This is a mental war that goes on in the heads of every soldier on the battlefield. It doesn’t matter wh ich war is being fought, where the location is, or even what time period you’re in. Both these films show a mentally challenging war and don’t really focus on the physical warfare. This maybe because America actually lost these wars, The Vietnam war and the 1st Gulf war and they consider them their worst defeats in history.As these films were made by Americans, their portrayal as suffering and surviving may be an excuse on why they lost, as America are very proud of the wars they have won. Both films showed narrative as at the beginning of Platoon, Chris Taylor, the main character arrived as a rookie. He was treated bad by some other troops with more experience and was new to war. The Disequilibrium, the actual fighting in the war, the loss of friends, the constant struggle really showed. The new equilibrium was that he survives and goes home like before, but with the knowledge and experience he gained he is a new man, a hero. In Jarhead, the main character is a rookie and new to war. He was treated badly by some other troops but kept on. The Disequilibrium was that the actual boredom of the war and that they could never kill was a huge problem; he started to lose himself and showed that by turning on friends. At the end, the new equilibrium is put in place as he returns home, a hero but with the mental scars that wounded him.I think that Jarhead is not just a simple copy of platoon. It is very similar in some ways but different in a lot more. The wars which are being fought in both films, they lost which adds to the similarity, but they are different films because of the characters in them. You do not find that the characters in Jarhead are like the characters in Platoon. But both characters do at first say maybe it was a mistake to join and both start as rookies. But after that the films are very different although they do both focus on the mental warfare rather than the physical. I can see how some people might think that Jarhead is just a cop y but I see it as two very different independent movies. Is Jarhead a simple copy of Platoon Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

The Heart essays

The Heart essays All exceptional poetry displays a good use of figurative language, imagery, and diction. Wilfred Owen's "Dulce et Decorum Est" is a powerful antiwar poem which takes place on a battlefield during World War I. Through dramatic use of imagery, metaphors, and diction, he clearly states his theme that war is terrible and horrific. The use of compelling figurative language helps to reveal the reality of war. In the first line, "Bent double, like old beggars under sacks,"(1) shows us that the troops are so tired that they can be compared to old beggars. Another great use of simile, "His hanging face, like a devil's sick of sin,"(20) suggests that his face is probably covered with blood which is the colour symbolizing the devil. A very powerful metaphor is the comparison of painful experiences of the troops to "[v]ile, incurable sores on innocent tongues."(24) This metaphor emphasizes that the troops will never forget these horrific experiences. As you can see, Owen has used figurative language so effectively that the reader gets drawn into the poem. The images drawn in this poem are so graphic that it could make readers feel sick. For example, in these lines: "If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood/ Come gargling from the froth-corrupted lungs/ Obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud,"(21-23) shows us that so many men were brutally killed during this war. Also, when the gas bomb was dropped, "[s]omeone still yelling out and stumbling/ [a]nd flound'ring like a man in fire or lime.../ [h]e plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning."(11-12,16) These compelling lines indicate that men drowned helplessly in the toxic gasses. These graphic images are very disturbing but play a very effective role in the development of the poem. Another tool in developing the effectiveness of the poem is the excellent use of diction. The word "blood-shod" explains how the troops have been on their feet for da ...

The empirical relationship between accounting disclosure and stock Dissertation

The empirical relationship between accounting disclosure and stock market return using portfolio analysis and managerial behavio - Dissertation Example The rapid advances in technology and communication have provided instant access of news on companies and capital markets to investors through mediums such as the Internet and television (Mayer, 2003). Thus, information is now analyzed by investors in a matter of minutes or seconds and decisions on stock investments are taken much more frequently. Companies disclose information on their performance or other aspects through various mediums such as earnings reports, corporate communications and management interviews (Weston, 2009). The investor base is constantly on the lookout for any new information from such events that may help them increase their returns or reduce their risk exposure (Schillhofer, 2008). Based on these factors, it is believed that an empirical relationship exists between accounting disclosures of firms and the performance of related stocks in the market. The paper analyzes the potential existence of such an empirical relationship among companies within the Gulf Coo peration Council (GCC) region by using a numerical analysis on historical information on related parameters. Schillhofer (2008) has shown that earnings disclosures have a direct influence on investor preferences that determine the prices and returns from traded securities. Since then, numerous studies have been carried out to understand the relationship between corporate disclosures and the performances of securities related to the target firms. While this strong relationship is demonstrated among firms based in the developed and western economies, behavior demonstrating the relationship between accounting disclosures and stock returns is rather sparse and relatively unexplored among firms based in Oman and other countries belongings to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). This paper is an attempt to provide some further investigation into this phenomenon with a specific focus on the firms based out of the GCC member countries. McCahery (2007) believes that research exploring the val ue of information disclosed through annual reports and other corporate disclosures for investment analysis and valuation purposed has been rather limited in nature. This however leads one to question the importance of accounting disclosures and why they are so avidly analyzed by investors. Hirschey (2009) have conducted elaborate surveys of investors and investment analysts and have arrived at a broad consensus over the relevance and importance of the target company’s financial statements, footnotes, Management discussions & analysis (MD & A) as well as the various accounting assumptions and estimates of the company. For example, the release of financial statements and accounts is followed by the annual general meeting (AGM), which in the opinion of Ang (2008) perhaps offers the only opportunity for investors to understand the company’s management, their behavior and their practices to improve the sustainability and prospects of the business. However, Heinrich (2006) c onducted some analytical studies in this regard only to conclude that such meetings did not generally evoke a collective and unilateral reaction from the market. According to Weston (2009), the extent of information available in the market about a company is directly related to the range of disclosures made public by the organization as well as the extent to which the company’s stock is followed by intermediaries such as financial analysts and brokers. Thus, most

Stateless nations Palestine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stateless nations Palestine - Essay Example This population of people has no citizenship and its benefits and thus lacks full access to services offered by the reference government to the legitimate citizens. This is despite the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which asserts that every person has a right to nationality (Balaton 1). The stateless people do not have the benefit of civil and political, economic, cultural, and social rights, economic and cultural rights that citizens in a state enjoy. Indeed, this population does not even have an avenue to claim for these rights and hence do not participate in any national matters. As such, the stateless population is prone to poor employment, poverty, travel barriers, inequality, discrimination, sexual and physical violence, no legal protection, property ownership restrictions, political barriers, exclusion, and humanitarian crisis (Balaton 2-3). Moreover, they cannot access health, education, and other social services. As such, statelessness is arguably one of the dangerou s and undesirable conditions that affect the world population. Nevertheless, the UNHCR is undertaking re4levant measures to reduce statelessness in the globe (â€Å"UN News Centre† 1). In this context, this paper will detail Palestine as a stateless nation. ... Notably, for a long time, Palestinians and the Jewish people of Israel have been living in the same area where Israel now controls most of that territory and Palestinians are still struggling to reclaim that area for purposes of their own independent state. As a result, there has been a struggle for the stateliness of Palestine with Israel seeking to maintain the status quo. We can trace this dispute from the historical days of the Bible, which involved Abraham’s son Isaac representing the Jews and Ishmael representing the Arabs. Since then, Israel and Palestine has been on war with Israel winning all wars thus rendering Palestine to be stateless. Actually, in 1967, Israel captured Israel captured major territories with huge Palestine population, which included Gaza from Egypt and the West Bank from Jordan. Nevertheless, this victory did not derive peace and security to Israel as Palestine kept up the fight for West Bank, which is their probable independent state. As such, the struggle for land, security, and Palestine independence persists to this day and Palestine remains a stateless nation. Most assuredly, Israel seeks to reduce the Palestinian Arabs population while increasing the number of Jewish immigrants. Nevertheless, most Israelis are slowly accepting that Palestinians deserve to have an independent state with Palestinians con?ning their concentration to the West Bank. The stateless Palestine fall into three categories which include holders of nationalities of convenience, holders of the ‘Refugee Travel Document’, and holders of the Palestinian passport issued by the Palestinian Authority (Shiblak 8). Historically, the geographical location of Palestine was a region in

Crisis analysis- major assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Crisis analysis- major assessment - Essay Example There are important areas that have been focused on this subject. Knowing the informational content is a vital responsibility for any crisis communication. Informational content basses on the following principles; what do the authorities know concerning the crisis? What is it that they want people to consent? And how are they going to deliver the information to the people accordingly?. Media also is another based area of concern. The primary task that the management ask themselves is that how will they get their content from them into the minds of the public. Another based field is the assessment of the audience. From the study of the past years, it reveals that a successful progress in crisis communication has been a sector that is growing bearing in mind that not all people are intelligent (Jaques 2007). Due to variations in knowledge, values, and emotions, it gives the assessors very tough time in giving out the information. Basing on what, do they need to reach the people, what they have in their mind already and the effect that will arise the moment they are told about the crisis? Involving the audience also is another aspect that needs to be put into concern. Targeting a deliverable communication at the two-way end and the mode that they need to keep immediate audience active is their worry. Self-assessment gives self-examination on the effect of values, emotions, and political problems relating to crisis management (Coombs 2009). From the definition approaches, there have not been good levels of agreement that demonstrate critically what is a crisis and what the issue is in management. Many writers have analyzed problem management, and it was found to lack clarity. Crisis, on the other hand, has been hard to be defined indecently without the placement of crisis management. The illustration of this by individual scholars shows a thesis that identify a frequent

Comparative Study of 6T and 8T SRAM Using Tanner Tool

Comparative Study of 6T and 8T SRAM Using Tanner Tool Rajnarayan Sharma, Ravi Antil, Jonish Abstract— in this paper we focus on the dynamic power dissipation during the Write operation in CMOS SRAM cell. The charging and discharging of bit lines consume more power during the Write â€Å"1† and Write â€Å"0† operation. 8T SRAM cell includes two more trail transistors in the pull down path for proper charging and discharging the bit lines. The results of 8T SRAM cell are taken on different frequencies at power supply of 1.5 V. The circuit is characterized by using the 130 nm technology which is having supply voltage of 1.5 V. Finally the results are compared with Conventional 6T SRAM cell. The power dissipated in low power 8T SRAM cell is reduced in comparison to conventional 6T SRAM cell. The result of the research has practical reference value for further study. Keywords—SRAM, Tanner Tool, T-Spice, W-EDIT, IEEE I. INTRODUCTION SRAM is mainly used for the cache memory in Microprocessors, mainframe computers, engineering workstations and memory in hand held devices due to High speed and low power consumption. The need for low-power design is becoming a major issue in high-performance digital systems such as microprocessors [1], Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) and other applications. The increasing Market of mobile devices and battery powered portable electronic systems is creating demands for chips that consume the smallest possible amount of power. SRAM consist of almost 60% of Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. It is also said that memories are the biggest culprit for the power dissipation in any digital system and No digital system gets complete without memories. Several techniques have been proposed to reduce the power consumption during Write operation of SRAM like, Segmented Virtual Ground Architecture for Low-Power Embedded SRAM [2], Low power SRAM design using half-swing pulse mode techniques [3] and A single-bit line cross-point cell activation (SCPA) architecture for ultra-low power SRAM’s[4].Some other techniques which are use for low power SRAM like Half-Swing Pulse-Mode Techniques[5] these techniques are use for reduce the power dissipation of the SRAM circuit. All these discussed papers are used extra circuitry for reducing the power consumption. In this paper optimized SRAM cell contains two extra tail transistors in the pull-down path of the respective inverter to avoid charging of the bit-lines. These two trail transistor are controlled by an extra signal write select (WS). During read or write mode at least one of the tail transistor must be turned OFF to disconnect the driving path of respective inverters. II. RELATED WORK Karimi and Alimoradi [6]: Rapid growth in semiconductor technology has led to shrinking of feature sizes of transistors using deep submicron (DSM) process. As MOS transistors enter deep submicron sizes, undesirable consequences regarding power consumption arise. This can be done by using one PMOS transistor and one NMOS transistor in series with the transistors of each logic block to create a virtual ground and a virtual power supply. Notice that in practice only one transistor is necessary, because of their lower on-resistance, NMOS transistors are usually used. Cheng and Huang [7]: they present a low-power SRAM design with quiet-bit line architecture by incorporating two major techniques. Firstly, the authors use a one-side driving scheme for the write operation to prevent the excessive full-swing charging on the bit lines. Secondly, they use a precharge free pulling scheme for the read operation so as to keep all bit lines at low voltages at all times. SPICE simulation on a 2K-bit SRAM macro shows that such architecture can lead to a significant 84.4% power reduction over a self-designed baseline low-power SRAM macro. Ming et. Al. [8]: They describes a low-power write scheme by adopting charge sharing technique. By reducing the bitlines voltage swing, the bitlines dynamic power is reduced. The memory cells static noise margin (SNM) is discussed to prove it is a feasible scheme. Simulation results show compare to conventional SRAM, in write cycle this SRAM saves more than 20% dynamic power. III. STATIC RAM SRAM or Static random Access memory is a form of semiconductor memory widely used in electronics, microprocessor and general computing applications. This form of semiconductor memory gains its name from the fact that data is held in there in a static fashion, and does not need to be dynamically updated as in the case of DRAM memory. While the data in the SRAM memory does not need to be refreshed dynamically, it is still volatile, meaning that when the power is removed from the memory device, the data is not held, and will disappear. There are two key features to SRAM Static random Access Memory, and these set it out against other types of memory that are available: The data is held statically: This means that the data is held in the semiconductor memory without the need to be refreshed as long as the power is applied to the memory. SRAM is a form of random access memory: A random access memory is one in which the locations in the semiconductor memory can be written to or read from i n any order, regardless of the last memory location that was accessed. Fig 1 shows the read/write operations of an SRAM. To select a cell, the two access transistors must be â€Å"on† so the elementary cell (the flip-flop) can be connected to the internal SRAM circuitry. Fig. 1 Read/Write Operations OPTIMIZED 8T SRAM CELL Schematic of 8T SRAM cell is shown in fig 2 In that we are using two more transistors M7 and M8 for reducing the power dissipation. WS signal is used for controlling the M7 and M8 during Write â€Å"0† and write â€Å"1† operation. Fig. 2 Optimized 8T SRAM Cell IV. COMPARISON ON DIFFERENT FREQUENCY This section provides the detail simulation analysis of Low power SRAM cell for different frequencies. The dynamic power may be expressed as: P=ÃŽ ±CVf. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF SRAMS (S-EDIT): Fig. 3 Conventional 6T SRAM Cell (S-EDIT) Fig. 4 Optimized 8T SRAM Cell (S-EDIT) SIMULATION WAVEFORM OF SRAMS ON DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES (S-EDIT): Fig. 5 Simulation Waveform of 6T SRAM at 1GHz (S-EDIT) Fig. 6 Simulation Waveform of 8T SRAM at 1GHz (S-EDIT) From the fig 4.7 it has been clear that for 1 GHz the charging time is less then discharging time. So due to increment in charging and discharging time with frequency the power dissipation will also increase. Fig. 7 Simulation Waveform of 6T SRAM at 2GHz (S-EDIT) Fig. 8 Simulation Waveform of 8T SRAM at 2GHz (S-EDIT) TABLE I COMPARISION ON BAISES OF FREQUENCY Write operation on different frequencies, are given in Table I. Our 8T SRAM cell dissipates lower dynamic power during the switching activity. In 8T SRAM cell the crosstalk voltage values are increased for bit lines, word line (WL) and for outputs in comparison to conventional SRAM cell but these Values can be controlled with the help of proper sizing of Width (W) and Length (L) of the transistor. SIMULATION WAVEFORM OF AVERAGE POWER DISSIPATION AND DELAY (S-EDIT): Fig. 9 Simulation Waveform of 6T SRAM (S-EDIT) Fig. 10 Simulation Waveform of 8T SRAM (S-EDIT) TABLE II COMPARISION TABLE In our 8T SRAM cell as shown above we are preventing any single bit line from being discharged during write â€Å"0† as well as write â€Å"1† mode by proper selection of signal WS, which turn either M7 or M8 OFF. The comparison of conventional 6T SRAM cell and 8T SRAM cell is shown in table II V. CONCLUSION Most of the developed low-power SRAM techniques are used to reduce only read power. Since, in the SRAM cell, the write power is generally larger than read power. We have proposed an SRAM cell to reduce the power in write operation by introducing two tail Transistors in the Pull-down path for reducing leakages. Due to this Stack Transistors the power dissipation has reduced from 18 % in comparison to Conventional 6T SRAM cell. The 8T SRAM provides power efficient solution. There is also improvement in the delay in case of 8T SRAM cell is 29% faster as compared to the conventional SRAM cell. So the newly designed low power SRAM cell consume lesser power and can be said that it is a power aware cell which is acceptable in today’s VLSI design market. REFERNCES [1]International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors.[Online].Available: http://public.itrs.net. [2] Mohammad Sharifkhani, Member, IEEE, and Manoj Sachdev, Senior Member, IEEESegmented Virtual Ground Architecture for Low-Power Embedded SRAM IEEE transaction on very large scale integration(VLSI) systems, vol. 15, no. 2, february 2007 [3] Mai, K.W., Mori, T., Amrutur, B.S., Ho, R., Wilburn, B., Horowitz, M.A., Fukushi, I., Izawa, T. and Mitarai, S. (1998), â€Å"Low power SRAM design using half-swing pulsemode techniques†, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 33, pp. 1659-71. [4]Vkita, M. et al. (1993), â€Å"A single-bit line cross-point cell activation (SCPA) architecture for ultra-low power SRAM’s†, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 28, pp. 1114-8. [5]Low-Power SRAM Design Using Half-Swing Pulse-Mode Techniques Kenneth W. Mai, Toshihiko Mori, Bharadwaj S. Amrutur, Ron Ho, Bennett Wilburn, Mark A. Horowitz, Isao Fukushi, Tetsuo Izawa, and Shin Mitarai IEEE journal of solid state circuits, vol. 33, no. 11, november 1998 [6] Gholamreza Karimi1 and Adel Alimoradi â€Å"Multi-Purpose Technique to Decrease Leakage Power in VLSI Circuits† Canadian Journal on Electrical and Electronics Engineering vol. 2, no. 3, March 2011. [7] Shin-Pao Cheng and Shi-Yu Huang â€Å"A Low-Power SRAM Design Using Quiet-Bitline Architecture†Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Workshop on Memory Technology, Design, and Testing, 2005. [8] Gu Ming Yang Jun, Xue Jun. â€Å"Low Power SRAM Design Using Charge Sharing Technique†,IEEE, 2005.

Dostoevsky’s Notes from Undergound - Reactions to an Overdeterministic

Dostoevsky’s Notes from Undergound - Reactions to an Overdeterministic Existence Some of the works cited are missing Dostoevsky presents his Notes from Undergound as the fragmented ramblings of an unnamed narrator. On the surface, the character’s narration appears disjointed and reaches no conclusive end ing until the author intercedes to end the book. However, a close examination of the underground man’s language reveals a progression in his collected ravings. After expressing dissatisfaction with the notion of determinism, the underground man perceives the irony of his ultra-deterministic reality. Through his narrative, the underground man discovers the truth about his predestined, fictional existence. Dostoevsky’s work is divided into two sections; throughout the first section, â€Å"Underground,† the narrator discusses and resists determinism. The underground man compares deterministic life to a mathematical formula, two times two equals four. He suggests that, according to the deterministic model, life conforms to a set of predestined events and actions, and its outcome is inevitable. The underground man condemns the formula, asserting, â€Å"After all, two times two is no longer life, gentlemen, but the beginning of death†(24). In his essay Narrative and Freedom, critic Gary Saul Morson elaborates upon the narrator’s statement, adding, â€Å"For life to be meaningful and for work to be more than robotic, there must be something not just unknown but still undecided† (Morson 196-7). According to the underground man, the pre-existence of the solution implies that no other conclusion may be reached; once one embarks on life, one cannot escape the inevitable outcome of death. Morson emphasizes the underground man’s res... ...nd man initially believes that by identifying the cause of his defectiveness, he will be able to correct his seemingly doomed life. Instead, he discovers that his real defect, his existence as fiction, prevents him from ever altering his circumstances. After heralding self-awareness as the key to controlling his own life, he finds that self-awareness only allows him to perceive how little control he could ever have. Works Cited and Consulted Berger, Peter L. The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. New York: Anchor Books, 1990. Escher, M.C. â€Å"Drawing Hands.† Cover of Norton edition of Notes from Underground. Katz, Michael R., ed. Notes from Underground. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2001. Chernyshevsky, Nikolai. â€Å"What Is to Be Done?† Katz 104-123. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. â€Å"Notes from Underground.† Katz 3-91 Morson Todorov

Character analysis of Hester Prynne Essay

The Scarlet Letter by Nathanial Hawthorne is a complex novel with in depth characterization. This analysis is about Hester Prynne, the main character and focuses on three of her attitudes, appearance, and morals. Hester’s physical appearance is developed and referred to often throughout the novel. Hawthorne paints a picture for the reader of Hester’s beauty. She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it through off the sunshine with a gleam and a face regularity of features and riches of complexion, and the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes. (Hawthorne, 50) The author also describes Hester as being of modest decorum. â€Å"With almost serene deportment, therefore, Hester Prynne passed through this portion of her ordeal, came to a sort of scaffold, at the western extremity of the marketplace. (Hawthorne, 52) As the story is told, the author often refers to Hester’s attitude as well as her appearance. Hester is portrayed as having a strong will and attitude in the Scarlet Letter. She kept her spirits high even when she thought she faced death. She managed to maintain her strength throughout her battles. With her native energy of character and rare capacity, it could not entirely cast her off, although it had set a mark upon her, more intolerable to a woman’s heart than that which branded the brow of Cain. In all her intercourse with society, however, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it. every gesture, every word, and even the silence of those with whom she came in contact, implied and often expressed, that she inhabited another sphere, or communicated with the common nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind. She stood apart from mortal interests, yet close beside them, like a ghost that revisits the familiar foresides, and can no longer make itself seen of felt. (Hawthorne, 77-78) Hester’s attitude is directly related to her morals. Miss Prynne’s morals are not as easy to determine as her attitude. When analyzing her situation, the reader might not be able to see that Hester has morals. The facts of her troubles lay a ground work for this belief. In reality, the novel does show that Hester Prynne has morals and values. In this matter of Hester Prynne, there was neither irritation nor irksomeness. She never battled with the public, but submitted, uncomplainingly, to its worst usage; she made no claim upon it, inequitable for what she suffered; she did not weigh up in its sympathies. Then, also, blameless purity of her life during all these years in which she had been set apart to infamy, was reckoned largely in her favor. With nothing now to lose, in the sight of mankind, and with no hope, and seemingly no wish of gaining anything, it could only bed genuine regard for virtue that had brought back the poor wanderer to its paths. (Hawthorne, 145) Nathanial Hawthorne shows sin this quote that although Hester is in an uncomfortable situation, she maintains the higher standards of the society. The author uses vivid descriptions to portray the characters in the novel. When describing Hester Prynne, Hawthorne establishes the type of person she is through her appearance, attitude and morals.

Peak flow measurement Essays

Peak flow measurement Essays Peak flow measurement Essay Peak flow measurement Essay There are many measurements available to monitor changes in breathing capacity. One of the simplest measurements used by doctors and patients would be the peak flow meter. A peak flow meter is a portable instrument that detects minute decreases in air flow, used by people with asthma to monitor small changes in breathing capacity1. The peak flow meter has two parts, a mouth piece and a meter measured in litres per minute (L/min). This type of measurement is used for diagnosis and self-management; it is very cheap and easy to manage by the patient. But unfortunately it is not very accurate as the meter only measures in every 10 L/min. There will be a greater inaccuracy to smokers since they have greater damage in there bronchioles. A peak flow meter will help the patient to tell what is going on in his airways rather than guessing the way a patient feels, also it will help whether the patient needs to change his treatment. Asthma is a medical condition which makes breathing difficult by causing by causing the air passages to become narrow or blocked2. The tightness of the air ways can cause one or more of the following symptoms: * Wheezing * Coughing * Shortness of breath * Chest tightness The narrowing of air passages is caused by airway inflammation (airways in lungs become red, swollen and narrow). Unfortunately the cause of asthma is not known, but there are factors which play a part in asthma. These include: * Genetic factors- Inheritance; * Environmental factors- Inhaling house dust mites, exposure to tobacco smoke, sensitive to animals, pollens, moulds and dusts; * Dietary changes- Higher salt intake, a lack of fresh oily fish etc. * Lack of exercise. There are few medicines used by asthmatic patients which help them when they are in extreme conditions and also when their vital capacity lower than before. The two main ones are bronchodilator is and inhaler which is blue in colour and is used for reversibility test. A bronchodilator widens the air passages of the lungs and eases breathing by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle3. The second medicine is prednisolone which is a synthetic steroid and is used in various compounds as an anti-inflammatory4. These two medicines are used respectively when the peak flow of a patient is lower than before. Therefore the reversibility testis used first. If this medicine does not breathing capacity to better, the patient will then need to use the steroid challenge medicine. Method When taking a peak flow reading I should: 1. Check the pointer is at zero and stand in a comfortable, upright position. 2. Hold the peak flow meter level and keep fingers away from the pointer. 3. Firstly take deep breath and then close lips firmly around the mouth piece. After that blow very hard onto the mouth piece. 4. Look at the point and record the reading. 5. Reset the pointer back to zero. Repeat this method three times and record the highest readings. Results My three peak flow results are 500 L/min, 520 L/min and 500 L/min. I have produced a histogram to show the distribution of the PEF of the whole class for males and females: PEF (L/min) frequency 300?Y350 1 350?Y400 4 400?Y450 5 450?Y500 2 PEF (L/min) frequency 450?X500 1 500?X550 3 550?X600 3 600?X650 3 650?X700 4 Average mean for males: 14/5 = 2.8 Average mean for females: 12/4 = 3 Percentage predicted for my results: 520/585 *100 = 88.9% Discussion My experimental procedure produced clear results although recording readings wasnt very accurate due to the inaccuracy of the meter. My own PEF results showed that it was lower than my predicted result, this is because I have asthma! But from my calculations measurements, I cannot prove that I have asthmas my percentage predicted result is greater than 85%. Therefore other measurements need to be used to help the detection of asthma. Comparing the histogram graphs for females and males it is clear that the males lowest peak flow value is greater than the females lowest peak flow value. Also the male distribution is negatively skewed and the female distribution is approximately symmetrical. This indicates in the male distribution that the PEF of most students lie to the right side of the histogram. This means that majority of males in the class are healthy, fit, have large lungs and do not have asthma. The female graph shows that the majority of students are in the range of 350?Y;450 L/min, this indicates that the female lungs are smaller than males lungs and therefore females vital capacity is lower. The average value for males is 2.8 which indicates that the average PEF value lies between 500?X;550, while the females average value is 3 therefore indicating that the average PEF value lies between 350?Y;400. This clearly shows that the average PEF value for males is greater than females. This is understandable, since on average males have larger diameter around the chest; also in the class the males are larger in size than females. Conclusion In general peak flow meter reading will vary according to age, height, gender and also it varies from person to person, as seen from the results, it is difficult to say exactly what a persons best peak flow should be. I conclude from results that males in my group have greater vital capacity than females. I was also aware that in my group, ages do vary from someone who is 30yrs and another who is 18yrs. This is one of the reasons why the histogram graph has large distribution between both genders. I believe, from what I was given, that the results I obtained are fairly accurate and it helps professionals to conclude whether a patient has air inflammation or not. Also helps the doctor to give the right treatments to the

How to Use Formal and Informal Italian Subject Pronouns

How to Use Formal and Informal Italian Subject Pronouns While in English we might differ in word choice during informal and formal situations, we don’t change the forms being used.  However, Romance languages have separate forms of addressing others in formal versus informal situations. As if learning a new language wasn’t difficult enough! Learning how to use the formal and informal subject pronouns in Italian is very important. So-called social graces are key to Italian culture, and what seems like a language nuisance can determine the success of a social interaction, especially with the elderly and someone to whom you should show respect. How Many Ways You Can Say You? There are four ways of saying you in Italian: tu, voi, lei, and loro. Tu (for one person) and voi (for two or more people) are the familiar/informal forms. The Informal While it’s taught that tu is used only with family members, children, and close friends, it can also be used with people  around your age. For example, if youre around 30 and go to a bar to get a cappuccino, you can use the â€Å"tu† form with the barista who seems around your age, too. It’s likely that she’ll give you the â€Å"tu† form first anyway: Cosa prendi? – What are you having?Che cosa voui? – What do you want?Di dove sei? – Where are you from? If youre talking to a person that is younger than you tu is always the best choice. Voi is the plural form of the informal way of addressing people. Voi works for formal and informal scenarios and its the plural you: Di dove siete? – Where are you all from?Voi sapete che... – You all know that... The Formal In more formal situations like at a bank, the doctors office, a work meeting, or talking to an elder, the lei form is always best. Use lei (for one person, male or female) and its plural voi in more formal situations to address strangers, acquaintances, older people, or people in authority: Lei à ¨ di dove? – Where are you from?Da dove viene lei? – Where do you come from?Voi siete degli studenti. – You are students. You’ll often see Lei capitalized to distinguish it from lei (she) when there might be room for confusion. TIP: If you’re really not sure and you want to avoid choosing between â€Å"lei† or â€Å"tu† entirely, you can always use the generic altrettanto to mean likewise in place of anche a lei/ anche a te. Also, unless you’re talking to royalty, you don’t have to use the formal loro like most textbooks teach. It Can Be Confusing Finally, it’s tough to figure out when you should use the tu or when you should use the lei form, so if you get it wrong at first, don’t worry. Italians know that you’re learning a new language and that it can be difficult, so do your best. When In Doubt, Ask You can always ask when you are unsure about how to address a person. If, for example, you feel youre close in age or there is no relationship that might call for a respectful lei, go ahead and ask: Possiamo darci del tu? – May we switch to the tu form? In response, someone can say: Sà ¬, certo. –Yes, certainly. If you want to tell someone to use the tu with you, you can say: Dammi del tu. – Use the the tu form with me.

Write an analytical essay about Orientalism and the Other

Write an analytical about Orientalism and the Other - Essay Example The article is well organized, first telling the reader what might be expected and then proceeding to discuss each of these items in turn. This helps to improve his argument because it seems straightforward. In his discussion regarding the ideas of Orientalism, for example, he traces the way in which social scientists have gradually become more aware of how their own culture colors perceptions of various elements of other cultures and their language reinforces the East/West dichotomies that foster continued flawed perception. His analysis of the writings of Max Weber regarding the Orient reveals exactly what he means when he says the very vocabulary of the sciences are guilty of reflecting the Orientalist approach. â€Å"He [Weber] contrasted the ‘sensual’ East with the ‘rational’ West, where denial of luxury was upheld by the Protestant church.† From this understanding of Weber’s focus, he then moves forward to trace this thought through the history of Orientalist criticism. â€Å"The first stage developed in the late 1950s and early 60s as Oriental Studies departments in the US, USSR and UK were reorganized,† while the second stage started with protests published by individuals from within the ‘oriental’ culture primarily championed by Abdel-Malek in the 60s and 70s. The third stage of this aspect of social theory development is identified by Walker as being the publication of Edward Said’s book Orientalism. Throughout, he demonstrates how the ideas of Marxism were frequently adopted by these critics as a means of overcoming some of the more glaring issues. As this discussion progresses, Walker manages to also demonstrate how the language itself poses a problem through asides such as â€Å"The terms ‘Third World’ and ‘non-Western’ are both culturally loaded and s uggest a dichotomy were there is, increasingly, not one.† This aspect of the

TD 5- HRM - 402 Delivering Training and Development Essay

TD 5- HRM - 402 Delivering Training and Development - Essay Example This will also help the management to develop further their future training programs, including pinpointing the relevant topics or areas that are absent from the training. Level 2: Learning – Under this level, Walmart Human resource manager measures what the employees under training have learned and by how much their knowledge has increased due to the training. This level of evaluation allows the management to measure learning using the specific objectives set for the training, and this will influence their decision on whether to changes in skills, knowledge or attitude. This is beneficial to the Walmart organization as it helps them to know what the employees are learning and what they are not as this will assist them to improve future training sessions. (Clifford & Thorpe, 2007) Level 3: Behavior – On this level the management evaluates how the employees’ behavior has changed basing on training that they underwent. Behavior change translates to how much information the employees got from the training program. The Walmart management, through training, they can now provide the necessary conditions to initiate the change in their organization. (Siddons & Development, 2006) Level 4: Results – The Management analyzes the results of the training at this level. This consist of outcomes that the organization has resolute to be the best for the business, best for its employees, good for the overall Walmart